First-time buyers typically have a lot of questions about the home buying process, and in particular the various steps encountered along the way. This article lays it all out for you, from start to finish. Here are 12 steps you should take when buying a home.
1. Check Your Credit
Credit scores have always been important for home buyers, but they are more important today on the wake of the housing crisis. According to industry experts, home buyers generally need a credit score of 600 or higher to qualify for a loan, and 720 or higher to qualify for the lowest interest rates. But these numbers are not set in stone.
So your first step should be to review your financial situation. Order your credit reports from Experian, Equifax and TransUnion, and check them for errors. Order your credit score (different from your reports) to see how you stack up against the national average. If necessary, focus on improving your score by paying down credit card balances, making all bill payments on time, etc.
2. Determine Your Budget
Don’t make the mistake of letting a mortgage lender tell you what you can and cannot afford, in terms of a monthly mortgage payment. In reality, the only thing a lender can tell you is the amount you qualify for — not the amount you can realistically afford. You should determine your home buying budget for yourself. There are a lot of free mortgage calculators online that can make this process easier for you.
3. Research and Choose a Type of Mortgage
Do you know the difference between a fixed-rate mortgage and an ARM? This is just one of the things you need to understand before applying for a mortgage loan. The key to success when choosing a mortgage is to consider your long-term plans and find a loan that matches those plans. To do this, you must learn the pros and cons of the primary loan types. Consider the differences between FHA-insured and conventional loans, as well.
4. Get Pre-Approved for a Loan
Pre-approval is a process in which the mortgage lender reviews your financial and credit history to determine your “creditworthiness.” When you get pre-approved for a certain loan amount, there’s a good chance you’ll receive final approval for that amount as well, when the time comes.
Having a pre-approval letter in hand also shows sellers that you are serious about (and capable of) purchasing their home. This can make a big difference in active real estate markets, where the seller may receive multiple offers from competing buyers.
5. Find a Real Estate Agent
If you are buying a home for the first time, or in a new city you’re not familiar with, it’s wise to hire a professional real estate agent. When you compare the amount of money you’ll pay for a new home with the size of the agent’s commission (which typically gets paid by the seller), you’ll see that it’s worthwhile to hire an agent. Choose an agent who specializes in helping buyers, as opposed to sellers.
6. Narrow Your Search
The neighborhood you choose is nearly as important as the house itself, because both have a direct bearing on your quality of life — not to mention future resale value. So research the different neighborhoods and communities in your area. Talk to people who live in them. Use the Internet to gather information. You’re not just buying a house; you’re buying the location as well.
7. Begin House Hunting
This is where you and your agent visit homes to find one that matches your needs. Here are some helpful tips. Take a digital camera with you to get pictures of each home. This will help you remember the details later on. Bring a notepad for the same reason. While you’re at it, you might want to bring a friend along for an unbiased opinion of each property — you know, that outspoken friend who calls it like it is.
8. Evaluate the Asking Price
It’s called the “asking price” for a reason. Just because a property is listed at $250,000 doesn’t necessarily mean it’s worth that amount. It might be wishful thinking on the seller’s part. This is another area where it helps to have a real estate agent. Most agents are experts at validating sale prices against recent sales in the area, and that’s the best way to find out if the price is realistic or inflated.
9. Make an Offer
Once you’ve determined that the price is fair and reasonable, you are ready to make an offer on the property. Always make the offer contingent upon the home inspection (see next item). That way, if the inspector uncovers an issue that you consider to be a deal breaker, you have a way out of the contract. Ask your agent about these and other “contingencies.”
10. Get a Home Inspection
Property inspections usually only cost a few hundred dollars. That’s a small price to pay for the peace of mind you get in return. A home inspector will review the structural and mechanical aspects of the house, including (but not limited to) the roof, foundation, electrical, and heating / cooling system.
11. Attend the Closing / Settlement Process
So, you’ve made it through all of the inspections and the process is still on track. Great! The next step will be the closing / settlement process (it goes by different names in different parts of the country). You can prepare for this process early by putting extra money aside. This is when the title to the property is transferred from the seller to the buyer. You’ll also be signing a lot of paperwork and paying any other fees that are due.
12. Tie Up Loose Ends
After your move, you’ll have a few more tasks on your list. Transfer your utilities if you haven’t done so already. Complete a change-of-address form with the post office (you can do it online these days). Get a safe deposit box for your home insurance policy and other important documents. Set up a mortgage payment schedule or an online auto-pay system. And give yourself a pat on the back … you’re now a homeowner!